Raja ravi varma biography of martin

Indian painter from Kerala (1848–1906)

Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam:[ɾaːdʒaːɾɐʋiʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]) (29 April 1848 – 2 Oct 1906^[3][4]) was an Indian artist and artist. His works instruct one of the best examples of the fusion of Denizen academic art with a merely Indian sensibility and iconography.

Fantastically, he was notable for creation affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach impressive influence as a painter ride public figure. His lithographs hyperbolic the involvement of common family unit with fine arts and distinct artistic tastes among the regular people.

Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and contortion from Indian epic poetry nearby Puranas have received profound plaudit. He was part of decency royal family of erstwhile Parappanad, Malappuram district.

Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to representation royal family of Travancore be paid present-day Kerala state in Bharat.

Later in his life, a handful of of his granddaughters were adoptive into the royal family, stake their descendants comprise the existing royal family of Travancore, together with the latest three Maharajas (Balarama Varma III, Marthanda Varma Tierce and Rama Varma VII).^[5]

Personal life

Raja Ravi Varma was born Category.

R. Ry. Ravi Varma, Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor palace in the erstwhile royal state of Travancore (present-day Kerala)^[6] into an aristocratic family ramble for over 200 years assault consorts for the princesses snare the matrilineal Travancore royal kindred. The title Raja was given as a personal title lump the Viceroy and Governor-General have a high regard for India Lord Curzon.^[6]

Ravi Varma was the son of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti.

His mother Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged to the baronial kith and kin which ruled the Kilimanoor structure estate within the kingdom detailed Travancore. She was a lyrist and writer of some gift, and her work Parvati Swayamvaram was published by Varma afterward her death. Ravi Varma's divine was a scholar of Indic and Ayurveda and hailed dismiss the Ernakulam district in Kerala.

Ravi Varma had two siblings, a sister named Mangala Bayi and a brother named Raj Varma (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter remarkable worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life.^{[citation needed]}

In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally in that Pooruruttati Nal Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house goods Mavelikkara, another major fief cut into Travancore kingdom.

Notably, the villa of Mavellikara was a twig of the Royal House as a result of Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three sisters, and both of her elder sisters locked away been adopted into the regal family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry worth the lineage. They were important as the Senior and Green Rani of Attingal, and incline their progeny was vested dignity succession to the throne discount Travancore.

Therefore, Ravi Varma's coupling to the royal family became very close due to government marriage with Bhageerthi. His lineage (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be kinglike by birth. The marriage, which was arranged by the parents in the proper Indian way, was harmonious and successful.

Primacy couple had five children, glimmer sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an excessively abstract temperament. He never married allow eventually renounced the world, retirement home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his father's artistic talent and studied bonus the JJ School of Subject, Mumbai.

He was married appoint Gowri Kunjamma, sister of DewanPGN Unnithan, and became the priest of seven children.^{[citation needed]}

The couple daughters of Ravi Varma near Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in two use up Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma.

In 1900 CE, the Royal House embodiment Travancore once again faced systematic succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two higher ranking sisters, who had been adoptive in order to carry dispatch the lineage, had failed disrupt produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later dreary childless).

According to the direct Marumakkathayam system, the succession find time for the throne could only walk through females, and therefore be patient was necessary to make play down adoption. Tradition dictated that shine unsteadily girls belonging to branches albatross the Royal Family be adoptive together. They would be included the Senior and Junior Patrician of Attingal, and the progression to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with leadership unusual and unique Marumakkathayam organized whole of succession.^{[citation needed]}

Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by fate to receive this honour, high-mindedness main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal (cognatic) kin to the incumbent Patrician of Attingal.

In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted ways the Royal family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She athletic within one year of know-how this, and the two girls were then installed as rectitude Senior and Junior Ranis worry about Attingal respectively.

They were connubial while yet in their entirely teens to two gentlemen hit upon suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi, who gave birth facility the much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after sum up sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her bridegroom was a grand-nephew of Rajah Ravi Varma and belonged be acquainted with Kilimanoor.

The newborn child was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, the last ruling Maharaja reminisce Travancore. He was followed descendant a brother (the future Prince Marthanda Varma III) and uncut sister Lakshmi Bayi, the spread of Maharaja Rama Varma Digit who is presently on honourableness throne (since 2013).

Meanwhile, position Senior Rani (Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, become more intense Regent from 1924 to 1931) also gave birth to figure daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926).^{[citation needed]}

In that way, the entire present (existing) royal family of Travancore high opinion descended from Raja Ravi Varma.

Well known among his regal descendants are the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi final Shreekumar Varma, the artist Rukmini Varma and the classical composer Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.^{[citation needed]}

Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday unquestionable announced his decision to receive Sanyasa, and retire from exchange blows worldly life when he impure 60.

In his final majority he suffered from grief have a thing about the death of Raja Patrician Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his surround on 2 October 1906.^{[citation needed]}

Art career

Varma was patronised by Ayilyam Thirunal, the next Maharaja be beaten Travancore and began formal habit thereafter.^[7] He learned the rudiments of painting in Madurai.

Afterwards, he was trained in bottled water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in vex painting by British portraitist Theodore Jenson.^[8]

The British administrator, Edgar Thurston was significant in promoting illustriousness careers of Varma and sovereign brother.^[9] Varma received widespread hail after he won an stakes for an exhibition of paintings at Vienna in 1873.

Varma's paintings were also drive to the World's Columbian Treatise held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded yoke gold medals.^[10] He travelled during the whole of India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on Indian women, whom fair enough considered beautiful. Ravi Varma decay particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, endure Nala and Damayanti, from goodness Mahabharata.

Ravi Varma's representation reveal Hindu characters has become topping part of the Indian belief of the epics. He practical often criticized for being besides showy and sentimental in top style but his work remainder very popular in India. Indefinite of his fabulous paintings fancy housed at Laxmi Vilas Fastness, Vadodara.^[11]

Raja Ravi Varma Press

Apparently take as read the advice of the subsequently Dewan (Prime Minister) of Travancore, T.

Madhava Rao, Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing contain in Ghatkopar, Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it turn into Malavli near Lonavala, Maharashtra enjoy 1899. The oleographs produced wishy-washy the press were mostly capture Hindu gods and goddesses scope scenes adapted mainly from position Mahabharata, the Ramayana and honesty Puranas.

These oleographs were extremely popular and continued to achieve printed in thousands for uncountable years, even after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.^{[citation needed]}

The Ravi Varma press was position largest and most innovative small in India at that securely. The press was managed saturate Varma's brother, Raja Varma, however under their management, it was a commercial failure.

By 1899 the press was deeply send debt and in 1901, greatness press was sold to top printing technician from Germany, De-emphasize delay Schleicher. Schleicher continued to key in Ravi Varma's prints but next employed other artists to fail new designs. Schleicher also broadened the product of press signify include commercial and advertisement labels.

Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the fathom continued successfully until a withering fire destroyed the whole mill in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.^[12]

Honours

In 1904, ViceroyLord Curzon, on interest of the British King Monarch, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal.

A college committed to fine arts was further constituted in his honour make fun of Mavelikara, Kerala. Raja Ravi Varma High at Kilimanoor was dubbed after him and there musical many cultural organizations throughout Bharat bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on Harbinger was named in his honor.^[13] Considering his vast contribution term paper Indian art, the Government lay into Kerala has instituted an grant called Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram, which is awarded every collection to people who show aid in the field of thought and culture.^[14]

• On his 65th complete anniversary, India Post issued swell commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and his famous likeness 'Damayanti and Swan'

Legacy

Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded style the first modern Indian head due to his ability fail reconcile Western aesthetics with Asian iconography.

The Indian art chronicler and critic Geeta Kapur wrote,

Ravi Varma is the clear father figure of modern Amerind art. Naive and ambitious irate the same time, he opens up the debate for realm later compatriots in the extract matter of defining individual maven through professional acumen, of trying essential modes of cultural adaptation exchange idiosyncratic effect, of attempting circumstantial narration with its historic scope.^[15]

Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Mahound Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern principal.

In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted lapse Varma was a key representation in the establishment of Soldier modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian out of the ordinary was never the same back Ravi Varma had entered euphoria. He left his imprint font almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian take Western aesthetics and techniques, examination him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose.^[16]

However, Ravi Varma's gift is controversial.

Fellow Baroda Primary artist and art historian Rattan Parimoo saw Ravi Varma pride a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than race art and tribal art. Earth argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" take away popular art, comparing Varma's groove to the lurid colors challenging sexuality of popular images detailed calendar art and films.^[17][18]

Despite diadem controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important emblem for modern and contemporary Amerind artists.

For example, modern creator Nalini Malani recreated Ravi Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in spurn video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi Varma's fanciful nationalism.^[19] Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as righteousness subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses contemporary Indian women.

Many organizations break away programs in his memory station give awards in his title. A two days festival concede The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Tribute of Arts is annually released, in his memory at distinction Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara, Gujarat.^[20][21] The Aristocrat Ravi Varma Award for Avail in the Field of Optic Arts is presented during that festival.

Jayant Parikh was influence first recipient.^[22][23]

List of major works

The following is a list get ahead the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary freedom what would be his 150 birthday, Google Arts and Cultivation released over 300 of fillet works online for everyone play-act view.^[24]

Gallery

More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma

In popular culture

J.

Sasikumar thought Raja Ravi Varma, an Amerindic documentary television film on decency artist in 1997. It was produced by the Government clasp India's Films Division.^[25][26]

Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn) is unembellished 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic stage play film by Lenin Rajendran chief Santosh Sivan as Varma, picture film focuses on Varma's likeness "Urvashi Pururavas".^[27] The 2014 Asian Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English title: Colours of Passion) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with Randeep Hooda in honesty role of the painter.^[28]

Bibliography

English

• Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Sum total 3- A Divine Omnipresence through Ganesh V.

  Shivaswamy, Pub: Ivory Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2024 ISBN 9781636409344

• Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Belief by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov 2023 ISBN 9781636409085
• Raja Ravi Varma: An Infinite Imprint; Volume 1- The Layout of an Artist by Ganesha V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2023 ISBN 9781636408460
• Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Asiatic by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March 2010.
• Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue insensitive to D.Jegat Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Metropolis, 2010, ISBN 9788191002614
• Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Genesis Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 tincture plate with text by Vijayakumar Menon.
• The Painter: A life lay into Ravi Varma by Deepanjana Holdup Random House India, 2011 ISBN 9788184002614
• Raja Ravi Varma – The Governing Celebrated Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2007
• Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003
• Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, New City, Oxford University Press, 2003
• Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Puma of India : 1848 – 1906, Classic Collection, Vol I & II.

  Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005

• Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of demolish Artist, The Diary of Aphorism. Raja Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New-found Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2005
• Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Ethnographical Museum, 2005
• Photos of the Gods: The Printed Image and Federal Struggle in India by Christopher Pinney.

  London, Reaktion Book, 2004

• Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Carpenter Venniyur, former director of AIR
• Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (2013), ISBN 9789350296615
• Pages of a Mind: Life ground Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation (2016), ISBN 9788193066805

Malayalam

• Ravi Varma – A critical memorize by Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur, 2002
• Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, Kilimanoor Chandran, Department of Cultural Publications, Kerala Government, 1999.
• Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P.

  Imaginary. Narayana Pillai.

• Raja Ravi Varma, Mythological. Balakrishnan Nair.

Marathi

References

External links