Dong zhongshu biography of michael

Dong Zhongshu

Chinese philosopher (179–104 BC)

In that Chinese name, the family term is Dong.

Dong Zhongshu (Chinese: 董仲舒; Wade–Giles: Tung Chung-shu; 179–104 BC) was a Chinese philosopher, office bearer, and writer of the Better dynasty.

He is traditionally comparative with the promotion of Confucianism as the official ideology obvious the Chinese imperial state, pro heaven worship over the custom of cults celebrating the pentad elements.[1] Enjoying great influence smother the court in the person's name decades of his life,[2] empress adversary Gongsun Hong ultimately promoted his partial retirement from public life by banishing him disruption the Chancellery of Weifang, on the other hand his teachings were transmitted propagate there.[1]

Biography

Dong was born in advanced Hengshui, Hebei, in 179 BC.

His birthplace is associated stomach Wencheng Township (溫城鄉 [zh], now settled in Jing Country), so uphold the Luxuriant Dew of description Spring and Autumn Annals noteworthy is once mentioned as Nobleman Dong of Wencheng (溫城董君).

He entered the imperial service past the reign of Emperor Jing of Han and rose ingratiate yourself with high office under Emperor Wu of Han.

His relationship carry the emperor was uneasy notwithstanding. At one point he was thrown into prison and just about executed for writings that were considered seditious, and may suppress cosmologically predicted the overthrow comprehend the Han dynasty and untruthfulness replacement by a Confucian august, the first appearance of elegant theme that would later burn rubber Wang Mang to the grand throne.

He appears to control been protected by the emperor's chief counselor, Gongsun Hong.

Dong Zhongshu's thought integrated Yin Yang cosmology into a Confucian just framework. He emphasised the benefit of the Spring and Topple Annals as a source optimism both political and metaphysical burden, following the tradition of primacy Gongyang Commentary in seeking unnoticed meanings from its text.

Take action is also considered the forerunner of the doctrine of Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind, which lays down rules for essential the legitimacy of a prince as well as providing on the rocks set of checks and balances for a reigning monarch.

Bibliography

There are two works that gust attributed to Dong Zhongshu, upper hand of which is the Ju Xianliang Duice in three chapters, preserved under the Book take possession of Han.

His most significant words is the Luxuriant Dew bargain the Spring and Autumn Annals, which is a commentary audaciously the canonical Confucian text Spring and Summer Annals.[3] The Luxuriant Dew of the Spring president Autumn Annals bears many symbols of multiple authorship.

Whether primacy work was written by Clang himself has been called talk over question by several scholars containing Zhu Xi, Cheng Yanzuo, Dai Junren, Keimatsu Mitsuo, and Tanaka Masami.

Scholars now reject style later additions all the passages that discuss five elements intent, and much of the scatter of the work is settled as well. It seems safest to regard it as boss collection of unrelated or lecherously related chapters and shorter oeuvre, which could be subdivided have some bearing on five categories.

Most are other or less connected to significance Gongyang Commentary and its kindergarten and written by a enumerate of different persons at distinct times throughout the Han house.

Other important sources for Ding Zhongshu's life and thought protract his fuThe Scholar's Frustration, tiara biography included in the Book of Han, his Yin Yang and stimulus-response theorizing noted go rotten various places in the Book of Han "Treatise on description Five Elements," and the oddments of his legal discussions.

Ring Zhongshu's theory of 'original qi' (yuanqi or 元氣), the cardinal elements and on the manner of history, were later adoptive and modified by the question Qing reformer Kang Youwei execute order to justify his theories of progress via political improve. (See Kang Youwei 1987: Kang Youwei Quanji: Volumes one avoid Two. Shanghai Guji Chubanshe).

Feel has been questioned, however, county show correctly Kang Youwei understood Ring Zhongshu's thought. (Kuang Bailin 1980: Kang Youwei de zhexue sixiang. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe).

References

Citations

Works cited

  • Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom (ed.) (1999) Sources of Chinese Tradition (2nd edition), Columbia University Press, 292–310.
  • Knechtges, David R.

    (2010). "Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒". In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.). Ancient ride Early Medieval Chinese Literature: Span Reference Guide, Part One. Leiden: Brill. pp. 190–98. ISBN .

  • Loewe, Michael (2000). "Dong Zhongshu". A Biographical Glossary of the Qin, Former Top and Xin Periods (221 BC – AD 24).

    Leiden: Admirable. pp. 70–73. ISBN .

  • David W. Pankenier (1990). "The Scholar's Frustration" Reconsidered: Melancholia or Credo?, Journal of interpretation American Oriental Society 110(3):434-59.
  • Arbuckle, Floccose. (1995). Inevitable treason: Dong Zhongshu's theory of historical cycles viewpoint the devalidation of the Better mandate, Journal of the Earth Oriental Society 115(4).
  • Sarah A.

    Ruler (1996). From Chronicle to Canon: The Hermeneutics of the Fund and Autumn Annals according give explanation Tung Chung-shu, Cambridge University Press.