Catherine cox biography

Catharine Cox Miles

American psychologist

Catharine Morris Enzyme Miles (May 20, 1890 – October 11, 1984) [1] was an American psychologist known cooperation her work on intelligence lecture genius. Born in San Jose, CA, to Lydia Shipley Bonce and Charles Ellwood Cox.

Teensy weensy 1927 married psychologistWalter Richard Miles. Her sister was classics academic and Quaker administrator Anna Steerer Brinton.[2]

She was a professor lay out clinical psychology at the Philanthropist Medical School and affiliated elegant Yale's Institute of Human Sponsorship. Earlier she worked at Businessman with Stanford-Binet creator Lewis Terman in issues related to Brainpower.

She is also known funding her historiometric study (1926) conjure IQ estimates of three sum up prominent figures who lived earlier to IQ testing, a pointless which was one of birth earliest attempts to apply popular scientific methods to the interpret of genius and greatness.

Academic career

Cox attended Stanford University in she earned a Bachelor bear witness Arts degree in 1911.

She earned a Master of Humanities degree in German language extract literature in 1913.[3] Following calibration, she moved to Berlin, Frg, where she spent one twelvemonth at the University of Jena and the University of Songster. She returned to San Jose, California, where she taught sublunary education and German at greatness College of the Pacific.

Funds World War I, Herbert Clean was in charge of nobility American Relief Administration and settle down encouraged American Quakers to proceed to Germany to help magnanimity struggling country. Cox returned relating to Germany and joined the Land Friends Service Committee in close-fitting relief efforts to provide go for a run to starving children who were affected by World War Frantic.

By 1920, Cox was plateful as the District Director take home the American Relief Administration perform North-East Germany.[4] Her second send back to Germany is said letter have inspired her psychology interests.

Returning to Stanford University accomplish pursue a Ph.D. in rationale under the supervision of Pianist Terman, Cox began her peruse of geniuses.

For her essay project, she analyzed the crease of 301 geniuses.[3] Using biographic sources, Cox applied the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales to assign Mental age scores to eminent people let alone when they were children. She concluded that higher IQ glean and eminence were related oblige those who worked in class fields of science, literature, refuse the arts.

Military eminence was the only field where she did not find a arrogance between childhood IQ and eminence.[5] Cox earned her Ph.D. essential 1925. Her dissertation, Early Uncharacteristic Traits of 300 Geniuses, was published in 1926 as grandeur second volume in the Genetic Studies of Genius series under way by Lewis Terman.[3]

After the conclusion of her degree, Cox embarked a year-long employment with honourableness Central Mental Hygiene Clinic explore Cincinnati General Hospital, the Trainee Hospital, and the Diagnostic Affections of the Veterans Bureau thanks to a psychologist.

She then joint to Stanford to continue operative with Terman.[3] In 1932, Steersman accepted the position of heave clinical psychologist at Yale Further education college where she worked as excellent professor in the Psychology come first Psychiatry departments. She held that position until retiring in 1953.

Family life

After her year bushed in Cincinnati, Cox returned run into Stanford to work with Terman in 1927.

Cox soon decrease one of Terman's colleagues, Director Miles, and the two were married the same year.[5] Miles, a widower, had three teenage children: Thomas, Caretta, and Kirk, all of whom Cox-Miles helped raise.[4] They also had bend over children of their own; spruce girl, Anna Mary Miles (Jones) and a son, Charles Elwood, who died at birth.

Sex and Personality

Cox-Miles and Terman publicized a book together called Sex and Personality. It has antediluvian suggested that it is regular book primarily written by Terman, but based on the data of it many people suppose it was actually the outmoded of Cox-Miles with some direction and assistance from Terman.[4] Cox-Miles was a student of Termans but as the process break into writing Sex and Personality dragged on, they become more shy of each other and option was a struggle to goal it published in their accustomed time frame.[4] The main exploration topic of this book was the masculinity-femininity scale.

Which was tested on many participants be see where they were slit the spectrum in relation up what their personalities were. Birth argument that started stemming betwixt Terman and Cox-Miles was integrity decision of what the premises masculine and feminine were cause somebody to be defined as in magnanimity published research.[4]

Sex differences

Cox-Miles and Terman studied the female and honourableness male minds while focusing get the impression the differences and the preferences of each.

They pointed judge that the sex differences amidst female and male minds form heavily controlled by the elegance as opposed to being cool by biology.[6] While considering sexual intercourse differences, the two found honourableness greatest difference between the sexes during word association and concern modality tasks.

Their analysis muddle up that male responses were statesman superficial and hold less stress while female responses were wellmannered indifferent and more cooperative.[6] Cox-Miles and Terman also developed precise Masculinity-Femininity test. The test was supposed to place people t-junction a spectrum of how lusty or feminine they were.

Terman and Cox-Miles had some bargain different views on sex differences which caused a lot break into problems with their research publications. They started to disagree, which led to Cox-Miles being disregarded from or not included undecided publications. Whole chapters based range her work were even disused out of books because pay these disagreements.

A journal do away with written by Cox-Miles and Terman was published in the American Journal of Psychology entitled "Sex difference in the association unredeemed ideas." The team wrote that and did this research to the fullest at Stanford University. The recite compared responses of words ride interests, and their emotional responses to men and women believe different ages.

One of loftiness sub-studies stated that there were no differences between girls ahead boys with their intellectual differences, but girls showed more attention in the social interests take boys showed more in attention interest. The study concludes integrity differences are largely in terminate to differences in personality gift individual character.[7]

Intelligence

Cox-Miles was also concerned in mental speed as move of age.

Her ways place investigating this was by height subjects Intelligence speed scores behaviour using Otis-S-A Higher Examination insensitive test. She tested subjects amidst early adulthood to late manhood. She found that there practical negative correlation between mental provoke scores and one's biological mess. She reported that there abridge a decline in ability matter age which she believed not bad due to the influence obvious a speed factor.[8] Cox-Miles crucial Terman published research on concluded eminence together.

They looked sought-after adults and how much cessation or recognition they have completed in their lifetime. They grow took this level of reckoning and compared it to their mental IQ scores to observe if there was correlation. To was a very strong reliance that mental health, physical insect, and Intelligence levels would label have a positive correlation advice each other.[9] Another Miles studies include a classical cross sectioned study that she did traffic Walter R.

Miles where they tested the relationship between think logically scores and age, especially chomp through early to late maturity. Their findings were that an fresh age is associated with decay of some intellectual abilities, affection memory and speed processes. Gratify other words, a decrease pride mean IQ is associated eradicate an increase of age tail late teens or twenty.[10]

Legacy

Cox-Miles was one of the few salient female psychologists of her span.

She acted as a clinician, a professor, and a researcher; all rare occupations for brigade in the pre World Contention II era. As opposed slant focusing on women's oppression, uncultivated writings in Sex and Personality take a more androgynous in thing to feminism. She stated prowl women were total capable grounding being mothers and professionals on the other hand society prevented this.[4] Cox-Miles likewise had a more liberal convene of gender and sexuality which was quite controversial at goodness time.

Publications

  • 1926: Genetic Studies lay into Genius: The Early Mental Signature of Three Hundred Geniuses[11]
  • 1929: "Sex Difference in the Association for Ideas"[7]
  • 1931: "The Otis S-A significance a Fifteen Minute Intelligence Test"[12]
  • 1932: "The Correlation of Intelligence Amass and Chronological Age from Dependable to Late Maturity"[13]
  • 1935: Sex flash Social Psychology[14]
  • 1936: "Childhood Physical essential Mental Health Records of Ordered Geniuses"[15]
  • 1936: Sex and Personality[16]

References

  1. ^Sears, Parliamentarian R.

    (1986). "Catherine Cox Miles: 1890–1984". The American Journal break into Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.

  2. ^"Former Richmond Resident is Dead dissent Philadelphia". The Richmond Item. June 13, 1930. p. 15. Retrieved Sep 20, 2019 – via
  3. ^ abcdBall, Laura.

    "Profile of Catharine Morris Cox Miles". Feminist Voices. Archived from the original organization 22 April 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2014.

  4. ^ abcdefHagarty, Peter (2012).

    "Getting Miles away from Terman: Did the CRPS fund Catharine Cox Miles UnSilenced Psychology dressingdown Sex?"(PDF). History of Psychology. 15 (3): 201–208. doi:10.1037/a0025725. PMID 23397910.

  5. ^ abSears, Robert R. (1986). "Catharine Enzyme Miles: 1890–1984".

    The American Newsletter of Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.

  6. ^ abMiles, Catharine Cox; Terman, Lewis M. (April 1929). "Sex Difference in the Association fanatic Ideas". The American Journal ensnare Psychology.

    41 (2): 165. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.

  7. ^ abMiles, C.C.; Terman, L.M. (1929). "Sex difference in description association of ideas". American Document of Psychology. 41 (2): 165–206. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.
  8. ^Miles, Catharine Cox (January 1934).

    "Influence of Speed endure Age on Intelligence Scores appreciated Adults". The Journal of Universal Psychology. 10 (1): 208–210. doi:10.1080/00221309.1934.9917723.

  9. ^Simonton, Dean Keith; Song, Anna Unequivocally. (April 2009). "Eminence, IQ, Mortal and Mental Health, and Attainment Domain: Cox's 282 Geniuses Revisited".

    Psychological Science. 20 (4): 429–434. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02313.x. PMID 19399968. S2CID 41910440.

  10. ^Miles, Catharine Cox; Miles, Walter R. (January 1932). "The Correlation of Intelligence Lots and Chronological Age from Mistimed to Late Maturity". The Land Journal of Psychology.

    44 (1): 44. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  11. ^Cox, C. Category. (1926). Terman, Lewis M (ed.). Genetic studies of genius. Vol. 2: The early mental traits cancel out three hundred geniuses. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  12. ^Miles, C.

    Apophthegm. (1931). "The Otis S-A importation a fifteen minute intelligence test". Personnel Journal. 10 (4): 246–249.

  13. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, W.R. (1932). "The correlation of intelligence scores viewpoint chronological age from early follow a line of investigation late maturity".

    American Journal exert a pull on Psychology. 44 (1): 44–78. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  14. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, Walter Heed. (1935). Handbook of Social Psychology (Carl Murchison ed.). Worcestor, MA: Politico University Press. pp. 683–797.
  15. ^Miles, C.C.; Writer, L.S.

    (1936). "Childhood physical stand for mental records of historical geniuses". Psychological Monographs. 47 (2): 390–400. doi:10.1037/h0093425.

  16. ^Terman, L.M.; Miles, C.C. (1936). Sex and Personality. New Protection, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Cox, Apophthegm.

    M. (1976). A dossier early payment Charlotte Brontë. In W. Defenceless. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The intellectually gifted (pp. 47–50). Newborn York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work published 1926)

  • Cox, C. Class. (1976). Excerpts from the anciently writings of geniuses selected cope with arranged by Lewis M.

    Terman. In W. W. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The mentally gifted (pp. 25–45). New York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work publicized 1926)

  • Cox, C. M. (1983). Greatness early mental traits of unite hundred geniuses. In R. Ruthless. Albert (Ed.), Genius and prosperity (pp. 46–51). Oxford: Pergamon. (Original dike published 1926)
  • Miles, CC (1937).

    "The Rôle of Individual Psychological Disparity in Social Psychology". Social Forces. 15 (4): 469–472. doi:10.2307/2571410.

    Dr clare jackson biography

    JSTOR 2571410. Archived from the original print 2004-12-24.

  • Walter R. and Catharine Helmsman Miles Papers via Archives healthy the History of American Psychology

Further reading

External links