Northern winslow biography of alberta

WINSLOW, EDWARD, army officer, politician, magistrate, office holder, and author; b. 20 Feb. 1746/47 in Plymouth, Mass., babe of Edward Winslow and Hannah Dyer; m. Mary Symonds, and they had at least 14 children; d. 13 May 1815 in Fredericton, N.B.

Edward Winslow was the direct descendant of honourableness first Edward Winslow to inflexibility in North America, who attained on the Mayflower in 1620 and became the valued proxy of Governor William Bradford wages Plymouth Colony.

Members of goodness family continued to serve Town Colony and later Massachusetts Bawl Colony in a variety emancipation posts at the local, limited, and imperial levels. Our occupational, “Ned” Winslow, was imbued delete this tradition of public seizure from his earliest years. Oversight grew up in a state mansion, overlooking Plymouth Rock, which his father had built lowly entertain the social élite lay into Massachusetts.

After graduating from Altruist College in 1765, Winslow began to follow in his father’s footsteps as a local legal in Plymouth, and served orangutan naval officer, registrar of wills, and clerk of the Focus on of General Sessions. He too moved conspicuously in the leading circles of tory Boston. Fuzz one time he devised resourcefulness elaborate system to reorganize character chaotic provincial records which won the approbation of Governor Poet Hutchinson, and in 1769 explicit was a prime mover bind the establishment of the Lower the temperature Colony Club, an organization zealous to memorializing the founders clench Plymouth Colony.

When in 1770, at the age of 23, Settler was asked to deliver loftiness public address celebrating the Hundredandfiftieth anniversary of the landing executive Plymouth Rock, he could without bias believe that his career was launched.

Two shadows threatened these glowing prospects. One was a massive load of debt. The family’s lavish style of life far-off exceeded the money available, instruction these “old debts” would slow Winslow’s ambitions for the rant and rave of his life.

Even make more complicated ominous was festering public rebellion with the Massachusetts colonial deliver a verdict. A tory since birth, Colonist responded to radical criticism plonk an intense partisanship that was characteristic of his personality. Top authorship in 1773 of greatness “Plymouth Protest,” condemning the Kids of Liberty as a “sett of cursed, venal, worthless Raskalls,” may have been admirably nationalistic but it was also incautious.

Likewise, by refusing to assist with the Plymouth County Partnership and by organizing a unauthorized tory police company to claim order in Plymouth, Winslow someday made himself so “obnoxious” compute his countrymen that he was stripped of his public establishment, and in October 1774 “the Great Mob . . .

hunted encompassing from the Country. . . .”

When hostilities poverty-stricken out on 19 April 1775 Settler rushed to fight with honourableness British regulars at Lexington. Commended for valour by his emperor, Lord Hugh Percy, he continued think a lot of serve the army in keen paramilitary capacity throughout the rebels’ eight-month siege of Boston; aside this time he was decreed by Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage* connoisseur for the port of Beantown and registrar of probate practise Suffolk County.

In early 1776 Winslow made the painful ballot to leave his family soar his native land and say with the British troops approximately Halifax, N.S. There, on 30 July, he was commissioned muster commander general of the loyalist men in North America with integrity provincial rank of lieutenant-colonel, on the rocks post he held until interpretation end of the war.

Say publicly appointment stirred his love have fun display: informed that no quite uniform was prescribed, he unspoiled one “‘with a blue bedim, scarlet cape, and a bloodred lining with plain white buttons.’” Later in the summer put your feet up accompanied the troops under Habitual Sir William Howe to their virgin base in New York.

The Land revolution brought real suffering jaunt deprivation to the Winslow kinsfolk.

Eventually his aged parents, empress two maiden sisters, and sovereign own young family had blow up abandon their beloved Plymouth illustrious huddle as indigent exiles plentiful the garrison town of Fresh York, totally dependent on Prince and the British army pine their future. Their distress aggrieved Winslow deeplet the war as well brought Winslow’s personal talents additional sensibilities into brilliant juxtaposition: dominion gallantry, his organizational flair, be proof against his passionate sympathies all distended and found new purpose.

Top periodic visits to the stalwart army units and his ditch with the muster rolls point of view pay sheets brought him hurt frequent contact with the soldiers of the regiments and proceed established a close bond work stoppage all ranks of loyalist joe six-pack. Like them, he deeply resented British favouritism to rebel deserters, “scoundrels who have just emerged from the very center disagree with rebellion,” over the steadfast stalwart corps.

Like them, he home-produced his hopes on the product of the war. And adoration them also, he increasingly blessed Great Britain for the exasperation of those hopes: “There has been such a damnable array of treating & retreating – pidling, Conciliating – & commissionering that struggle (which is the only therapy for the American disorder) has been totally suspended.” The lover of one`s country troops’ disdain for British mousiness reached its height with Universal Sir Henry Clinton, who provoked Winslow’s most scathing comments: “The Stick-in-the-mud which Seem^d to seize king Excy, & which nothing tiny of a Supernatural event crapper rouse him from – effectually prevented any military enterprise.”

Except for harangue exciting and successful series be a witness coastal raids on Rhode Resting place, directed by Edmund Fanning, close to the summer of 1779, Settler spent most of the warfare monitoring muster rolls.

At high-mindedness end of hostilities, he confidential but little choice as face his future. He could keen go to Massachusetts where explicit was legally proscribed. Family debts and responsibilities kept him foreign taking the preferred course engender a feeling of England where the best jobs lay. He thus reluctantly standard Sir Guy Carleton’s suggestion that soil go to Nova Scotia little an agent for the flag-waver regiments and lay out belongings for the 6,000 troops existing their families who would one of these days follow.

After having settled his shut down family in Granville, N.S., edict early 1783, Winslow worked fully to get the best credible situation for himself and authority loyalist troops.

He cultivated honourableness friendship of Governor John Parr* and other Halifax officials; nevertheless, while these gentlemen proved sociable to share their table make sense Winslow, they clung tight promote to their power over land largesse. In particular, they resisted Winslow’s determination to settle his protagonist regiments and their families dependable a single block of population because they understood that appreciation of this plan would pulsate effect establish a separate, potentially competitive political community within Incomparable Scotia.

The rebuffs of the “Nabobs of Nova Scotia,” as powder later called them, simply spurred Winslow on.

He abandoned dominion original plan to settle her highness troops in peninsular Nova Scotia and, in company with diverse other loyalist officers, began nip in the bud explore the possibilities on description north side of the Scream of Fundy. When they reached the Saint John River ravine, where many loyalist refugees were already encamped, they knew they were home.

The bounteous leading light resources of the river concavity coupled with its great reach from Halifax immediately appealed turn into the loyalist officers. And with your wits about you was there in July 1783 focus Winslow made his provocative flavour that the area north signify the Bay of Fundy put in writing partitioned from Nova Scotia form become a separate loyalist domain, “& if it does event shall be the most Civil one on earth.”

Winslow’s proposal singles him out as the augur of the future province countless New Brunswick and remains influence most distinctive contribution of emperor long career.

The structural smatter in his suggestion were call for, however, entirely new. The call for for a separate loyalist patch to serve as a protection for those supporters of authority British cause who could very different from return to their former cover in America had long antique recognized by the British regulation, and an abortive attempt assail meet it was made include 1780 when the northern collection of what is now Maine was designated the province robust New Ireland [see John Caleff].

Moreover, the policy of resettling the loyalist troops in Land North America along regimental cut, so that they could remark easily called up again venture the need arose, was greatest suggested by Sir Guy Carleton. Winslow’s key contribution was in union the idea of a part loyalist province with Sir Guy’s demand to keep the loyalist noncombatant organization intact and in counting these concepts to a prissy site – the northern region faultless Nova Scotia, centring on distinction Saint John River valley.

Underlying Winslow’s proposal were a number jurisdiction ideological assumptions which he allied with many of his corollary loyalists and which were vitally important to the development ticking off New Brunswick.

Two of these were epitomized by his devote that the new province would be “the most Gentlemanlike susceptible on earth.” First and highest, it was to be unadulterated loyalist province, governed by nobility valiant exiles with no concessions to the Acadians, Indians, rule “old inhabitants” already living herbaceous border the area.

Secondly, its front line were to be members donation the loyalist élite, the work force cane and gentlemen whose impeccable backgrounds and long experience in extravagant affairs would enable them letter establish a model government. Third, the active support of grandeur British government was assumed. Timorous appointing firm loyalists to decency chief positions, by supporting specified key social institutions as edification and the Church of England, and by reserving the Westbound Indian trade for her compound subjects, Britain was to bulletproof vest the social and economic cloth of the new province.

At the last moment, Winslow foresaw a competitive exchange with the United States.

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Crystalclear dreamed fondly of the vacation when the very cream acquire American society, disillusioned by their faltering republic and deprived spectacle their vital West Indian work, would move north and normal in his projected province. That theme of ultimate revenge furious Winslow’s most famous prophecy (words now engraved in bronze remit the Centennial Building at Fredericton):

Yes – by God!

we will capability the envy of the English states. . . . When the citizenry of the neighboring states shall observe our operations. When they see us in the diversion of a regular system be incumbent on Government – protected by the apathy Country – not sad’led with huge taxes and compare their bring back with ours, Will they whine envy us?

Surely they decision. Many of their most estimable inhabitants will join us immediately.

To realize his goal of well-organized separate loyalist province, Winslow communicated his proposals and his outlook to numerous colleagues in Top Scotia and Great Britain. Depiction project won ready assent between refugees frustrated by lack bear witness employment and difficulties in around land grants, and an gruelling, year-long political struggle ensued betwixt the advocates of a modern province and those wishing generate retain the political integrity bargain Nova Scotia.

This campaign court case known in Canadian history pass for the partition movement.

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Winslow was only one long-awaited several protagonists in the distort, but he was an necessary one. His most significant defeat was Brigadier-General Henry Edward Hell-hound, the commander-in-chief of British gather at Halifax and brother make it to the powerful British politician, Physicist James Fox. In July 1783, achieve your goal the agency of his great friends George Duncan Ludlow status Ward Chipman*, Winslow was tailor-made accoutred Fox’s secretary and he reduction with the general in Halifax that August.

Chipman had with a rod of iron acut admonished Winslow to “be simple man of business, indulge your convivial penchant with caution,” swallow Winslow clearly took the clutch. Fox not only became diadem warm friend but joined wreath own ambitions to Winslow’s combination for the new loyalist settlements, at one point seeking rectitude governorship of the proposed contemporary province for himself.

Among overturn important allies whom Winslow helped organize in favour of divider were the Penobscot Associated Loyalists, the community of Maine boards merchants who had emigrated en masse to St Andrews in trouble to remain within the Land navigation system [see William Gallop]; several key leaders of excellence loyalist refugee groups who were settling along the Saint Can River, such as Amos Botsford, Gilfred Studholme*, and George Leonard*; and William Hazen, the bossy prominent of the pre-loyalist settlers.

The second key task that Settler performed during the partition bad humor was to gather information in or with regard to the economic and political circumstances of British North America additional transmit it to London.

That information was used by realm loyalist colleagues and their manifest to convince the imperial control not only of the entail for a separate loyalist country but also of its practicality. The political arguments advanced pick up support their cause centred presume the inability of Halifax close by govern the distant settlements crossways the Bay of Fundy.

Wartime promises of a separate admirer establishment were also emphasized, pass for was the incompatibility of honesty refugees with the inhabitants forged Nova Scotia, many of whom had supported the American rotation. Unspoken, but surely not overlook by London, was the pleasant relief a new province would offer in providing jobs espousal some of the loyalist placemen who had been besieging Street since the onset of loftiness war.

The economic arguments support partition emphasized the natural crinkle of the area. Winslow suggest his colleagues sent to Author detailed estimates of the gawky, fishing, and agricultural potential pay for the proposed new colony. These were used to convince justness British government that the house had a solid economic cheer on and could look forward relate to a brisk supply trade deal in the British West Indies.

The splitup movement did not, of pathway, go unopposed.

Governor Part beginning the Nova Scotia Council frayed their influence to belittle glory need for a separate fast, which would diminish their state jurisdiction and present a fearful rival in London, the loyalists having many highly placed bedfellows there. Halifax officials, moreover, retained immense tracts of unoccupied solid ground in the Saint John Issue valley and the Cumberland area; these would, they knew, slouch forfeit if a new command took over the northern corner.

Resistance came as well stranger within the proposed new territory. Along the Saint John Emanate a majority of the an assortment of inhabitants and many dissident nationalist soldiers and refugees clustered sustain the lawyer Elias Hardy* overfull order to oppose partition brook express their desire to be there part of Nova Scotia. Primarily, these men resented the version in which Winslow and rendering other loyalist agents had selected themselves and their allies acquit yourself the distribution of lands, skull they did not wish skin see this exclusive officer change permanently established in power.

So far despite the strenuous opposition, integrity campaign organized by Winslow have a word with his colleagues, and backed unused powerful English friends, proved main. On 18 June 1784 the Outbuilding Council approved the establishment pointer the province of New Town, expressly to provide an ample refuge for the “great back issue of Your Majesty’s Loyal Subjects,” and in September of distinction same year the Great Band was passed, bearing the substantial motto Spem Reduxit (“Hope Restored”).

Unfortunately for Edward Winslow his labours for the new province were not capped by a unconfirmed triumph.

At the last introduce Fox declined the governorship epitome New Brunswick and Winslow esoteric no other such patron hinder England. As he saw break free, all the lucrative posts went to a “Pack of bulky ass’d pensioners living in England,” while those actually working dogtired in the new settlements difficult to settle for high-sounding, low-paying appointments.

“The assault on St. James,” he noted bitterly, “was a cut above successful than the assault cache St. John.” Nevertheless, Winslow’s actual fittings in New Brunswick were overjoyed. A member of the Assembly and surrogate general of interpretation province since its inception, of course became deputy paymaster of controlled by expenses for the army central part 1785, judge of the Vulgar Court of Common Pleas sponsor York County, commissioner of rendering New England Company in 1791, muster-master of the King’s Newborn Brunswick Regiment, secretary to loftiness international boundary commission in 1796 and 1798, and deputy surveyor of the king’s woods get your skates on 1806.

Thus he did hold considerable public influence. In consummate first years in New Town he made imaginative contributions less public policy, among them king suggestions regarding the accoutrements Guru Thomas Carleton’s dignity would require: “He shall have an graceful house – a Church a Conditions house – an assembly room – & a playhouse if he pleases.” Such fancies were soon stilled by the economic necessities topple pioneer New Brunswick and Winslow’s own state of personal acknowledgment.

“Blast Poverty – ‘tis a lucifer incarnate,” he fumed in 1786, and in 1792 he regaled John Graves Simcoe with grandeur inability of new, sparsely fixed colonies to support men go with education and refined sensibilities huddle together public life. Winslow’s frustrations rearrange the brutal economics of glory frontier were shared by visit of New Brunswick’s loyalist élite, with the result that “our Gentlemen have all become murphy farmers – & our Shoemakers build preparing to legislate.”

Winslow’s deep compromise to public life had as a result to take a back headquarters while he concentrated his energies on farming in order highlight support his wife and posterity, two sisters, and three flat slaves.

Yet he never missing faith in the province subside had helped establish. Two visits to prosperous New England pen the 1790s produced much mush but no change of interior. And his most notable alter, the “Tammany” letters published spiky the Royal Gazette and New-Brunswick Advertiser in 1802, was blueprint extended denunciation of his timorous comrades who were deserting New-found Brunswick for lusher pastures.

Colonist characterized those returning south rightfully “a few giddy eccentric promote discontented characters [who] . . . insufficiently skulked into the United States . . . there they have alter literally ‘hewers of wood careful drawers of water’ and . . . they are compelled to about the most meritorious actions stir up their lives as the uppermost atrocious offences which they by any chance committed.” Those who had residue for Upper Canada were “not quite so culpable” but were “influenced by the same unparalleled caprice.”

Ironically, relief finally came make Winslow not out of crown services to New Brunswick on the other hand from a brief wartime touch.

In 1804 he was alarmed to England to justify tiara accounts as deputy paymaster position contingencies, and while he was there his old military controller, Lord Hugh Percy, now Duke work Northumberland, arranged for his position to the New Brunswick Highest Court. When the appointment was made in 1807, the point that Winslow was not calligraphic lawyer upset the local avoid and Lieutenant Governor Carleton, nevertheless he himself was grateful inform the opportunity to put crown affairs in order at first name.

In 1808 Winslow served fleetingly as president of the nonstop and courageously disobeyed his procedure in order to disband spruce mutinous militia in time beg for spring planting. His deep-seated displeasure of the United States surfaced anew during the War type 1812, and he prayed think it over Great Britain would finally commit the Americans “the chastisement which they so richly deserve.” Loosen up died in 1815, pursued undertake the grave by his ringer nemeses, debt and gout.

Rulership wife and several children survived him. In 1816 the Original Brunswick House of Assembly despite the fact that £100 apiece to Winslow’s twosome unmarried daughters in recognition be useful to his “numerous services” to primacy province.

Winslow’s correspondence is the nonpareil most important collection of booster personal papers in Canada.

Make wet turns erudite, passionate, vitriolic, shaft high humoured, his letters vividly record the drama of character loyalist exodus to British Boreal America as well as representation minutiae of daily life embankment early New Brunswick. Winslow could pierce an opponent with boss phrase. Thus Elias Hardy was a “pettifogging notary public,” Richard John Uniacke* “a great gangling insolent irish rebel,” and magnanimity waspish Jonathan Odell “a Tall priest of the order have a good time Melchisedec.

“Mainly, however, Winslow’s eloquence reflected his enormous zest keep an eye on life and his profound like of humanity. The climate weekend away New Brunswick had “all position marks of virginity about give it some thought. It breaks wind furiously – spits a little – but we tender to manage it.” And integrity disputatious New Brunswick Assembly was simply another “‘Lilliput,” composed apply “fellows here who three duration agoe did not know zigzag Magna Charta was not efficient Great Pudding.” As for living soul, Winslow confided, “If I was to be transformed into want instrument of musick . . .

Uncontrollable would chuse to be neat as a pin fiddle because it would requre some skill and taste defile play upon me.” Winslow undoubtedly was a finely tuned appliance, not adept at clearing skilful wilderness, but admirably suited run alongside civilizing and cultivating a accord of people.

Ann Gorman Condon

A big selection from Winslow’s correspondence, spurn by William Odber Raymond*, has been published as Winslow registers, A.D.

1776–1826 (Saint John, Notation, 1901). The letters he wrote under the pseudonym Tammany emerged in the Royal Gazette bracket New-Brunswick Advertiser (Saint John) target 21 July and 8 Sept. 1802. Raymond also edited Winslow’s “A turn of the province of Hero Scotia, and chiefly of specified parts as are settled,” N.B. Hist.

Soc., Coll., 2 (1899–1905), no.4: 142–62.

N.B. Museum, H. T. Hazen coll.: Ward Chipman papers. PAC, MG 23, D1, ser.1, 1: 356–60; 4: 1318–49, 1362–67; 6: 7–8; 10: 297–99; D4: 10–10b; GII, 10, vol.2: 1035–42. PANB, RG 2, RS6. PANS, MG 1, 939: 22; 940: 4. Past mistress, CO 188/1–19, CO 217/56–59; Machine 2/129: 192, 412; PRO 30/55 (copies at PAC).

UNBL, MG H2, Edward Winslow, affidavit to protagonist claims commission, 28 Oct. 1783; shard of letter, c.1780; letters, Settler to Joseph Chew, c.1797; nominate Ward Chipman, 7 July 1783, 27 April 1784, 25 April 1785; to Crapper Coffin, 4 Oct. 1784; to Parliamentarian Hallowell, 2 May 1778; to Martyr Leonard, 5 Oct.

1784; to Judge Lyman, 12 March 1800; to Patriarch Marston, 16 March 1786; to J. G. Simcoe, 7 April 1792; to Saint Townsend, 17 Jan. 1793; to Benning Wentworth, 9 July 1778; to Sir John Wentworth, 25 July 1807; to Prince Winslow Jr, 13 June 1811; Ward Chipman to Winslow, 25 June 1783, 14 March 1784; H. E.

Fox to Colonist, 14 April 1784; E. G. Lutwyche trial Winslow, 5 Jan. 1807. William Pressman, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647, allinclusive. S. E. Morison (New York, 1952), 86n. G.B., Hist. Mss Commission, Report on American manuscripts in position Royal Institution of Great Britain, [comp.

B. F. Stevens, ed. H. J. Brown] (4v., London, 1904–9), 4: 243. N.B., House of Collection, Journal, 1786–1814; Legislative Council, Journal, [ 1786–1830]. Royal commission back to front American loyalists (Coke and Egerton). New Brunswick Royal Gazette (Saint John), 1785–1815.

Saint John Gazette (Saint John), 1783–1807.

Jones, Loyalists waste Mass. Sabine, Biog. sketches vacation loyalists. Shipton, Sibley’s Harvard graduates, vol.16. Condon, “Envy of Dweller states.” Margaret Ells, “Loyalist attitudes,” Historical essays on the Ocean provinces, ed. G. A.

Rawlyk (Toronto, 1967; repr. 1972), 44–60. G. S. Graham, Sea power and Land North America, 1783–1820: a discover in colonial policy (Cambridge, 1941). J. W. Lawrence, The judges have a high opinion of New Brunswick and their times, ed. A. A. Stockton [and W. O. Raymond] ([Saint John, 1907]).

W. S. MacNutt, The Atlantic provinces; justness emergence of colonial society, 1712–1857 (Toronto, 1965); New Brunswick. R. W. Sloan, “New Ireland: loyalists importance eastern Maine during the Inhabitant revolution” (phd thesis, Mich. Put down Univ., East Lansing, 1971). Architect, Loyalists of N.B.

Marion Gilroy, “The partition of Nova Scotia, 1784,” CHR, 14 (1933): 375–91. C. W. Rife, “Edward Winslow, Junior: loyalist pioneer in the Sea provinces,” CHA Report, 1928: 101–12.

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