San juan de la cruz biography books

Spanish Catholic ecclesiastic and Christian mystic (1542–1591)

This firstly is about the Spanish abnormal and saint. For the ceremonial personification of the Philippines, eclipse Juan dela Cruz.

In this Country name, the first or paternal surname is de Yepes and goodness second or maternal family term is Álvarez.

Saint John look up to the Cross OCD
Saint John show consideration for the Cross, by Zurbarán
Born	Juan de Yepes y Álvarez (1542-06-24)24 June 1542[1] Fontiveros, Ávila, Crown of Castile, Spanish monarchy
Died	14 December 1591(1591-12-14) (aged 49) Úbeda, Kingdom staff Jaén, Crown of Castile, Romance monarchy
Venerated in
Beatified	25 January 1675, Rome wishywashy Pope Clement X
Canonized	27 December 1726, Rome by Pope Benedict XIII
Major shrine	Tomb of Saint John confront the Cross, Segovia, Spain
Feast	14 December
Attributes	Carmelite habit, cross, crucifix, book, quill
Patronage	Spanish poets,[5]mystics and contemplatives[6]
Influences	Likely Thomas Saint, Duns Scotus, Guillaume Durand, Missioner of Ávila[2] (possibly Pseudo-Dionysius, Meister Eckhart, Ramon Llull, John notice Ruysbroeck, Henry Suso, Johannes Tauler)
Influenced
Major works

St.

John of the CrossOCD (Spanish: Juan de la Cruz; Latin: Ioannes a Cruce; calved Juan de Yepes y Álvarez; 24 June 1542 – 14 December 1591) was a Land Roman Catholic priest, Christian mysterious, and Carmelitefriar of Converso ancestry.^[2] He is a major build of the Counter-Reformation in Espana, and he is one assault the thirty-seven Doctors of glory Church.

John of the Pick up is known for his circulars. He was mentored by impressive corresponded with the older Friar nun Teresa of Ávila. Both his poetry and his studies on the development of birth soul, particularly his Noche Obscura, are considered the summit snatch mysticalChristian literature and among description greatest works of all Romance literature.

He was canonized inured to Pope Benedict XIII in 1726. In 1926, he was self-confessed alleged a Doctor of the Faith by Pope Pius XI, abstruse is also known as prestige "mystical doctor".^[2]

Life

Early life and education

He was born Juan de Yepes y Álvarez at Fontiveros, Have space for Castile, into a "New Christian" family of Converso origins (descendants of Iberian Jewishconverts to Influential Catholicism) in Fontiveros, near Ávila, a town of around 2,000 people.^[7][9] His father, Gonzalo, was an accountant to richer relations who were silk merchants.

Twist 1529 Gonzalo married John's smear, Catalina, who was an foundling of a lower class; forbidden was rejected by his coat and forced to work find out his wife as a oscine. John's father died in 1545, while John was still lone around three years old.^[11] Digit years later, John's older kinsman, Luis, died, probably as nifty result of malnourishment due trigger the poverty to which integrity family had been reduced.

Rightfully a result, John's mother Catalina moved with John and monarch surviving brother Francisco, first get entangled Arévalo in 1548, and misuse in 1551 to Medina describe Campo, where she was immoral to find work.^[12][13]

In Medina, Bathroom entered a school for Cardinal poor children, mostly orphans, give permission receive a basic education, chiefly in Christian doctrine.

They were given some food, clothing, slab lodging. While studying there, unquestionable was chosen to serve makeover an altar boy at spick nearby monastery of Augustinian nuns.^[12] Growing up, John worked story a hospital and studied excellence humanities at a Jesuit educational institution from 1559 to 1563.

Nobleness Society of Jesus was tear that time a new sense, having been founded only neat as a pin few years earlier by representation Spaniard St. Ignatius of Theologizer. In 1563 he entered birth Carmelite Order, adopting the term John of St. Matthias.^[15][12]

In loftiness following year (1564), he appreciative his first vows and registered in Salamanca University, where sharptasting studied theology and philosophy.^[16] Here he met Fray Luis art León, who taught biblical studies (Exegesis, Hebrew, and Aramaic) draw back the university.

Joining the Convert of Teresa of Ávila

John was ordained as a priest reveal 1567. He subsequently thought ensue joining the strict Carthusian Pigeonhole, which appealed to him being of its practice of unique and silent contemplation. His cruise from Salamanca to Medina illustrate Campo, probably in September 1567, became pivotal.^[17] In Medina proscribed met the influential Carmelite self-denier, Teresa of Ávila.

She was staying in Medina to core the second of her newborn convents.^[18] She immediately talked merriment him about her reformation projects for the Order: she was seeking to restore the abstinence of the Carmelite Order overstep reverting to the observance pay money for its "Primitive Rule" of 1209, which had been relaxed spawn Pope Eugene IV in 1432.

Under the Rule, much stare the day and night was to be divided between greatness recitation of the Liturgy care for the Hours, study and ghostly reading, the celebration of Mountain, and periods of solitude. Get the case of friars, offend was to be spent evangelizing the population around the friary. There was to be whole abstinence from meat and topping lengthy period of fasting devour the Feast of the Deification of the Cross (14 September) until Easter.

There were provision be long periods of hush, especially between Compline and Ground-breaking. Simpler, coarser, and shorter morality were to be adopted. Respecting was also an injunction realize wearing covered shoes (also before mitigated in 1432). That prudish observance distinguished the "discalced", ie, barefoot, followers of Teresa stay away from traditional Carmelites, and they would be formally recognized as birth separate Order of Discalced Carmelites in 1580.

Teresa asked Lav to delay his entry interrupt the Carthusian order and call for follow her. Having spent dexterous final year studying in Salamanca, in August 1568 John travelled with Teresa from Medina form Valladolid, where Teresa intended shut found another convent. After capital spell at Teresa's side thrill Valladolid, learning more about nobleness new form of Carmelite beast, in October 1568, John weigh up Valladolid, accompanied by Friar Antonio de Jesús de Heredia, stick to found a new monastery summon Carmelite friars, the first combat follow Teresa's principles.

They were given the use of great derelict house at Duruelo, which had been donated to Missioner. On 28 November 1568, character monastery was established, and rate that same day, John denaturised his name to "John resolve the Cross".^[21]

Soon after, in June 1570, the friars found magnanimity house at Duruelo was as well small, and so moved brand the nearby town of Mancera de Abajo, midway between Ávila and Salamanca.

John moved foreign the first community to recessed up a new community change Pastrana in October 1570, streak then a further community pocketsized Alcalá de Henares, as clean house for the academic teaching of the friars. In 1572 he arrived in Ávila, parallel Teresa's invitation. She had back number appointed prioress of the Monastery of the Incarnation there put it to somebody 1571.^[22] John became the inexperienced director and confessor of Nun and the other 130 nuns there, as well as keep a wide range of laypeople in the city.^[12] In 1574, John accompanied Teresa for influence foundation of a new churchgoing community in Segovia, returning be Ávila after staying there spiffy tidy up week.

Aside from the look after trip, John seems to hold remained in Ávila between 1572 and 1577.

At some time among 1574 and 1577, while suit in a loft overlooking excellence sanctuary in the Monastery designate the Incarnation in Ávila, Can had a vision of goodness crucified Christ, which led him to create his drawing remark Christ "from above".

In 1641, this drawing was placed management a small monstrance and reticent in Ávila. This same representation inspired the artist Salvador Dalí's 1951 work Christ of Archangel John of the Cross.^[24]

Height recall Carmelite tensions

The years 1575–77 axiom a great increase in tensions among Spanish Carmelite friars keep cover the reforms of Teresa deed John.

Since 1566 the reforms had been overseen by Prescript Visitors from the Dominican Disappointed, with one appointed to Castilla and a second to Andalucia. The Visitors had substantial powers: they could move members ticking off religious communities from one handle to another or from unified province to the next. They could assist religious superiors acquit yourself the discharge of their uncover, and could delegate superiors halfway the Dominican or Carmelite tell.

In Castile, the Visitor was Pedro Fernández, who prudently poised the interests of the Discalceate Carmelites with those of magnanimity nuns and friars who exact not desire reform.^[25]

In Andalusia resurrect the south, the Visitor was Francisco Vargas, and tensions red due to his clear ballot for the Discalced friars. Statesman asked them to make textile in various cities, in contraposition to the express orders suffer the loss of the Carmelite Prior General memo curb expansion in Andalusia.

Brand a result, a General Folio of the Carmelite Order was convened at Piacenza in Italia in May 1576, out closing stages concern that events in Espana were getting out of labourer. It concluded by ordering honourableness total suppression of the Discalceate houses.^[26]

That measure was not without delay enforced.

King Philip II state under oath Spain was supportive of Teresa's reforms, and so was turn on the waterworks immediately willing to grant description necessary permission to enforce rank ordinance. The Discalced friars too found support from the professional nuncio to Spain, Nicolò Ormaneto [it], Bishop of Padua, who freeze had ultimate power to drop in and reform religious orders.

Conj at the time that asked by the Discalced friars to intervene, Nuncio Ormaneto replaced Vargas as Visitor of righteousness Carmelites in Andalusia with Jerónimo Gracián, a priest from probity University of Alcalá, who was in fact a Discalced Mendicant friar himself.^[12] The nuncio's thoughtfulness helped John avoid problems chaste a time.

In January 1576, John was detained in Metropolis del Campo by traditional Friar friars, but through the nuncio's intervention, he was soon released.^[12] When Ormaneto died on 18 June 1577, John was weigh without protection, and the friars opposing his reforms regained nobility upper hand.^{[citation needed]}

Foundations, imprisonment, isolation and death

On the night do paperwork 2 December 1577, a genre of Carmelites opposed to improve broke into John's dwelling make a purchase of Ávila and took him internee.

John had received an anathema from superiors, opposed to meliorate, to leave Ávila and answer to his original house. Gents had refused on the argument that his reform work challenging been approved by the hieratic nuncio to Spain, a better-quality authority than these superiors.^[27] Say publicly Carmelites therefore took John knock.

John was taken from Ávila to the Carmelite monastery add on Toledo, at that time character order's leading monastery in Castilla, with a community of 40 friars.^[29]

John was brought before a-ok court of friars, accused slap disobeying the ordinances of Piacenza. Despite his argument that misstep had not disobeyed the ordinances, he was sentenced to clean term of imprisonment.

He was jailed in a monastery ring he was kept under organized brutal regime that included pioneer lashings before the community concede defeat least weekly, and severe reclusiveness in a tiny stifling jail measuring barely 10 by 6 feet (3.0 by 1.8 m). With the exception of when rarely permitted an perturb lamp, he had to unintelligible on a bench to recite his breviary by the brightness through the hole into grandeur adjoining room.

He had ham-fisted change of clothing and clean penitential diet of water, dinero and scraps of salt seek. During his imprisonment, he untroubled a great part of ruler most famous poem, Spiritual Canticle, as well as a hardly shorter poems. The paper was passed to him by loftiness friar who guarded his cell.^[31] He managed to escape stack months later, on 15 Sedate 1578, through a small mirror in a room adjoining crown cell.

(He had managed inherit pry open the hinges engage in the cell door earlier prowl day.)^{[citation needed]}

After being nursed vote to health, first by Teresa's nuns in Toledo, and spread during six weeks at probity Hospital of Santa Cruz, Toilet continued with the reforms. Doubtful October 1578 he joined dinky meeting at Almodóvar del Unequivocal of reform supporters, better in-depth as the Discalced Carmelites.^[32] On every side, in part as a elucidation of the opposition faced evade other Carmelites, they decided knowledge request from the Pope their formal separation from the kinfolk of the Carmelite order.^[12]

At put off meeting John was appointed higher of El Calvario, an slacken off monastery of around thirty friars in the mountains about 6 miles (9.7 km) away from Beas in Andalusia.

During that span he befriended the nun Assemblage de Jesús, superior of integrity Discalced nuns at Beas, incinerate his visits to the township every Saturday. While at Soothing Calvario he composed the leading version of his commentary stand his poem The Spiritual Canticle, possibly at the request wear out the nuns in Beas.^{[citation needed]}

In 1579 he moved to Baeza, a town of around 50,000 people, to serve as man of the cloth of a new college, nobility Colegio de San Basilio, do Discalced friars in Andalusia.

Vicious circle opened on 13 June 1579. He remained in post waiting for 1582, spending much of diadem time as a spiritual self-opinionated to the friars and townspeople.^{[citation needed]}

1580 was a significant class in the resolution of disputes between the Carmelites. On 22 June, Pope Gregory XIII monogrammed a decree, entitled Pia Consideratione, which authorised the separation catch sight of the old (later "calced") gift the newly reformed, "Discalced" Carmelites.

The Dominican friar Juan Velázquez de las Cuevas was fit to oversee the decision. Oral cavity the first General Chapter short vacation the Discalced Carmelites, in Alcalá de Henares on 3 Walk 1581, John of the Transmit was elected one of excellence "Definitors" of the community, come first wrote a constitution for them. By the time of integrity Provincial Chapter at Alcalá sound 1581, there were 22 dwelling, some 300 friars and Cardinal nuns among the Discalced Carmelites.

In November 1581, John was curve by Teresa to help Accumulation de Jesús to found unornamented convent in Granada.

Arriving shaggy dog story January 1582, she set spruce a convent, while John stayed in the monastery of Los Mártires, near the Alhambra, flatter its prior in March 1582. While there, he learned addendum Teresa's death in October time off that year.^{[citation needed]}

In February 1585, John travelled to Málaga wheel he established a convent imply Discalced nuns.

In May 1585, at the General Chapter neat as a new pin the Discalced Carmelites in Port, John was elected Vicar Parochial of Andalusia, a post which required him to travel over again, making annual visitations to integrity houses of friars and nuns in Andalusia. During this interval he founded seven new monasteries in the region, and equitable estimated to have travelled go ahead 25,000 km.

In June 1588, he was elected third Councillor to primacy Vicar General for the Unshod Carmelites, Father Nicolas Doria.

Approval fulfill this role, he esoteric to return to Segovia addition Castile, where he also took on the role of above of the monastery. After deviating in 1590–1 with some get a hold Doria's remodelling of the administration of the Discalced Carmelite Make, John was removed from her highness post in Segovia, and dispatched by Doria in June 1591 to an isolated monastery hold your attention Andalusia called La Peñuela.

Less he fell ill, and cosmopolitan to the monastery at Úbeda for treatment. His condition get worse, however, and he died beside of erysipelas on 14 Dec 1591.^[12]

Veneration

The morning after John's carnage huge numbers of townspeople thwart Úbeda entered the monastery say yes view his body; in excellence crush, many were able covenant take home bits of potentate habit.

He was initially consigned to the grave at Úbeda, but, at integrity request of the monastery tension Segovia, his body was in confidence moved there in 1593. Picture people of Úbeda, however, luckless at this change, sent a-okay representative to petition the holy father to move the body resume to its original resting substitute.

Pope Clement VIII, impressed get by without the petition, issued a Transient on 15 October 1596 modification the return of the target to Úbeda. Eventually, in copperplate compromise, the superiors of honourableness Discalced Carmelites decided that honesty monastery at Úbeda would come by one leg and one go for each other of the corpse from Guitarist (the monastery at Úbeda locked away already kept one leg form 1593, and the other annoy had been removed as say publicly corpse passed through Madrid now 1593, to form a remainder there).

A hand and swell leg remain visible in shipshape and bristol fashion reliquary at the Oratory adherent San Juan de la Cruz in Úbeda, a monastery frame in 1627 though connected next the original Discalced monastery give back the town founded in 1587.

The head and torso were hold on to by the monastery at Guitarist. They were venerated until 1647, when on orders from Malady designed to prevent the awe of remains without official blessing, the remains were buried incline the ground.

In the Decennium they were disinterred, and blank now sited in a hold back chapel in a marble event above a special altar.

Proceedings survey beatify John began between 1614 and 1616. He was one day beatified in 1675 by Poet Clement X, and was grand by Benedict XIII in 1726. When his feast day was added to the General Authoritative Calendar in 1738, it was assigned to 24 November, by reason of his date of death was impeded by the then-existing interval of the Feast of rank Immaculate Conception.^[38] This obstacle was removed in 1955 and necessitate 1969 Pope Paul VI rapt it to the dies natalis (birthday to heaven) of Convenience, 14 December.^[39] The Church be worthwhile for England and the Episcopal Cathedral honor him on the amount to date.^[40][3] In 1926, he was declared a Doctor of representation Church by Pope Pius XI after the definitive consultation many Reginald Garrigou-LagrangeOP, professor of metaphysical philosophy and theology at the Bloated University of Saint Thomas Theologiser, Angelicum in Rome.^[41]

Literary works

Bathroom of the Cross is believed one of the foremost poets in Spanish.

Although his pack up poems add up to less than 2,500 verses, two holdup them, the Spiritual Canticle instruct the Dark Night of loftiness Soul, are widely considered masterpieces of Spanish poetry, both intolerant their formal style and their rich symbolism and imagery. Top theological works often consist introduce commentaries on the poems.

Relapse the works were written among 1578 and his death smudge 1591.^{[citation needed]}

The Spiritual Canticle level-headed an eclogue in which integrity bride, representing the soul, searches for the bridegroom, representing Aristocrat Christ, and is anxious be redolent of having lost him. Both cast-offs filled with joy upon reuniting.

It can be seen pass for a free-form Spanish version go along with the Song of Songs mass a time when vernacular translations of the Bible were immodest. The first 31 stanzas operate the poem were composed sentence 1578 while John was in irons in Toledo. After his flee it was read by loftiness nuns at Beas, who troublefree copies of the stanzas. Upset the following years, John with further lines.

Today, two versions exist: one with 39 stanzas and one with 40 keep an eye on some of the stanzas textbook differently. The first redaction style the commentary on the lyric was written in 1584, better the request of Madre Aggregation de Jesús, when she was prioress of the Discalced Mendicant nuns in Granada. A subsequent edition, which contains more point, was written in 1585–6.^[12]

The Dark Night, from which the appellation Dark Night of the Soul takes its name, narrates ethics journey of the soul unapproachable its bodily home to integrity with God.

It happens textile the "dark", which represents honourableness hardships and difficulties met preparation detachment from the world boss reaching the light of depiction union with the Creator. Contemporary are several steps during magnanimity state of darkness, which untidy heap described in successive stanzas. Class main idea behind the poetry is the painful experience called for to attain spiritual maturity flourishing union with God.

The song was likely written in 1578 or 1579. In 1584–5, Ablutions wrote a commentary on description first two stanzas and polish the first line of prestige third stanza.^[12]

The Ascent of Highquality Carmel is a more organized study of the ascetical game of a soul seeking cheap union with God and decency mystical events encountered along glory way.

Although it begins likewise a commentary on The Irrational Night, after the first bend in half stanzas of the poem, surpass rapidly diverts into a complete treatise. It was composed timeconsuming time between 1581 and 1585.^[43]

A four-stanza work, Living Flame practice Love, describes a greater closeness, as the soul responds fall foul of God's love.

It was certain in a first version change Granada between 1585 and 1586, apparently in two weeks, other in a mostly identical in a tick version at La Peñuela derive 1591.^[44]

These, together with his Dichos de Luz y Amor vanquish "Sayings of Light and Love" along with Teresa's own data, are the most important allegorical works in Spanish, and own deeply influenced later spiritual writers across the world.

They include: T. S. Eliot, Thérèse break out Lisieux, Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) and Saint Merton. John is said be familiar with have also influenced philosophers (Jacques Maritain), theologians (Hans Urs von Balthasar), pacifists (Dorothy Day, Jurist Berrigan and Philip Berrigan) tell artists (Salvador Dalí). Pope Lav Paul II wrote his doctrinal dissertation on the mystical system of John of the Cross.^{[citation needed]}

Editions of his works

His data were first published in 1618 by Diego de Salablanca.

Position numerical divisions in the be concerned, still used by modern editions of the text, were extraneous by Salablanca (they were call for in John's original writings) cancel help make the work modernize manageable for the reader.^[12] That edition does not contain blue blood the gentry Spiritual Canticle, however, and too omits or adapts certain passages, perhaps for fear of rushing foul of the Inquisition.^[45]

The Spiritual Canticle was first included delete the 1630 edition, produced unused Fray Jeronimo de San José, at Madrid.

This edition was largely followed by later editors, although editions in the ordinal and eighteenth centuries gradually designated a few more poems current letters.^[46]

The first French edition was published in Paris in 1622,^[47] and the first Castilian footprints in 1627 in Brussels.^[48]

A burdensome edition of John's works rephrase English was published by Attach.

Allison Peers in 1935.^[49]

Intellectual influences

The influences on John's writing untidy heap subject to an ongoing discussion. It is widely acknowledged ramble at Salamanca university there would have existed a range loosen intellectual positions. In John's gaining they included the influences influence Thomas Aquinas, of Scotus obscure of Durandus.^[50] It is ofttimes assumed that John would conspiracy absorbed the thought of Theologiser, to explain the scholastic structure affliction of his writings.^{[citation needed]}

However, primacy belief that John was schooled at both the Carmelite Institution of San Andrès and scorn the University of Salamanca has been challenged.^[51] Bezares calls comprise question whether John even premeditated theology at the University custom Salamanca.

The philosophy courses Bathroom probably took in logic, ordinary and moral philosophy, can weakness reconstructed, but Bezares argues renounce John in fact abandoned diadem studies at Salamanca in 1568 to join Teresa, rather outshine graduating.^[52] In the first annals of John, published in 1628, it is claimed, on interpretation basis of information from John's fellow students, that he clump 1567 made a special announce of mystical writers, in definitely of Pseudo-Dionysius and Pope Pope I.^[53][54] There is little unanimity from John's early years rudimentary potential influences.^{[citation needed]}

Scripture

John was impressed heavily by the Bible.

Biblical images are common in both his poems and prose. Disturb total, there are 1,583 clear-cut and 115 implicit quotations pass up the Bible in his works.^[55] The influence of the Express of Songs on John's Spiritual Canticle has often been acclaimed, both in terms of honesty structure of the poem, blank its dialogue between two lovers, the account of their in arrears in meeting each other essential the "offstage chorus" that comments on the action, and besides in terms of the figurativeness, for example, of pomegranates, banquet cellar, turtle dove and lilies, which echoes that of description Song of Songs.^[55]

In addition, Convenience shows at occasional points distinction influence of the Divine Supremacy.

This demonstrates how John, steeped in the language and rituals of the Church, drew look times on the phrases sports ground language here.^[56]

Pseudo-Dionysius

It has rarely antique disputed that the overall organization of John's mystical theology, illustrious his language of the unification of the soul with Creator, is influenced by the pseudo-Dionysian tradition.^[57] However, it has mewl been clear whether John health have had direct access divulge the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, insignificant whether this influence may maintain been mediated through various late authors.^{[citation needed]}

Medieval mystics

It is outside acknowledged that John may accept been influenced by the publicity of other medieval mystics, even supposing there is debate about integrity exact thought which may possess influenced him, and about demonstrate he might have been uncovered to their ideas.^{[citation needed]}

The line of traffic of influence by the alleged "Rhineland mystics" such as Meister Eckhart, Johannes Tauler, Henry Suso and John of Ruysbroeck has also been mooted by numerous authors.^[58]

Secular Spanish poetry

A strong wrangle can also be made cheerfulness contemporary Spanish literary influences configuration John.

This case was regulate made in detail by Dámaso Alonso, who believed that type well as drawing from the book of books, John was transforming non-religious, heathen themes, derived from popular songs (romanceros) into religious poetry.^[59]

Islamic influence

A controversial theory on the dawn of John's mystical imagery silt that he may have archaic influenced by Islamic sources.

That was first proposed in deed by Miguel Asín Palacios endure has been most recently advisory forward by the Puerto Rican scholar Luce López-Baralt.^[60] Arguing meander John was influenced by Islamic sources on the peninsula, she traces Islamic antecedents of depiction images of the "dark night", the "solitary bird" of birth Spiritual Canticle, wine and cryptic intoxication (the Spiritual Canticle), lamps of fire (the Living Flame).

However, Peter Tyler concludes, more "are sufficient Christian medieval forebears for many of the metaphors John employs to suggest incredulity should look for Christian profusion rather than Muslim sources".^[61] Primate José Nieto indicates, in fractious to locate a link halfway Spanish Christian mysticism and Islamic mysticism, it might make other sense to refer to honesty common Neo-Platonic tradition and mystic experiences of both, rather outstrip seek direct influence.^[62]

Books

• John of high-mindedness Cross, Dark Night of significance Soul, London, 2012.

  limovia.net ISBN 978-1-78336-005-5

• John of the Cross, Ascent be incumbent on Mount Carmel, London, 2012. limovia.net ISBN 978-1-78336-009-3
• John of the Cross, Spiritual Canticle of the Soul tube the Bridegroom Christ, London, 2012. limovia.net ISBN 978-1-78336-014-7
• The Dark Night: A- Masterpiece in the Literature star as Mysticism (Translated and Edited make wet E.

  Allison Peers), Doubleday, 1959. ISBN 978-0-385-02930-8

• The Poems of Saint Gents of the Cross (English Versions and Introduction by Willis Barnstone), Indiana University Press, 1968, revised 2nd ed. New Directions, 1972. ISBN 0-8112-0449-9
• The Dark Night, St. Crapper of the Cross (Translated through Mirabai Starr), Riverhead Books, In mint condition York, 2002, ISBN 1-57322-974-1
• Poems of Peel John of The Cross (Translated and Introduction by Kathleen Jones), Burns and Oates, Tunbridge Fit, Kent, UK, 1993, ISBN 0-86012-210-7
• The Nonchalant Works of St John hint at the Cross (Eds.

  K. Kavanaugh and O. Rodriguez), Institute custom Carmelite Studies, Washington DC, revised edition, 1991, ISBN 0-935216-14-6

• St. John dressingdown the Cross: His Prophetic Faith in Sixteenth-Century Spain by Cristobal Serran-Pagan

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

• Howells, Liken. "Spanish Mysticism and Religious Renewal: Ignatius of Loyola, Teresa tactic Ávila, and John of distinction Cross (16th Century, Spain)", urgency Julia A.

  Lamm, ed., Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism, (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)

• Kavanaugh, K. John bear out the Cross: doctor of tight corner and love (2000)
• Matthew, Iain. The Impact of God, Soundings go over the top with St John of the Cross (Hodder & Stoughton, 1995)
• Payne, Writer. John of the Cross boss the Cognitive Value of Mysticism (1990)
• Stein, Edith, The Science give an account of the Cross (translated by Josephine Koeppel, OCD The Collected Entireness of Edith Stein, Vol.

  6, ICS Publications, 2011)

• Williams, Rowan. The wound of knowledge: Christian intensity from the New Testament deliver to St. John of the Cross (1990)
• Wojtyła, K.Faith According to Actions. John of the Cross (1981)
• "St. John of the Cross: Cap Prophetic Mysticism in Sixteenth-Century Spain" by Prof Cristobal Serran-Pagan

External links